seventeenth century that it assumed epidemic proportions and became a critical problem for medical profession. In Europe the increased incidence of the disease coincided with the spread of large hospitals, particularly the charitable maternity hospitals. The conditions in these institutions were extremely poor. Women in labor frequently delivered on dirty sheets, caked with dried blood and uterine discharge. Those for whom there were no beds because of overcrowding lay on mats of straw or on wooden benches. In view of the excessively high mortality rate, the public soon came to fear the hospital and to regard it in terror as a death trap. Prior to Semmelweis's investigation a few medical men had suggested a relationship between the incidence of child bed fever and the unsanitary conditions of hospital work. In Dublin, in the early part of the nineteeth century, Robert Collings successfully controlled childbed fever by fumigating and disinfecting the hospital rooms. In America in 1843 Oliver Wendell Holmes clearly anticipated Semmelweis's discovery by expressing the belief that childbed fever could be brought to the patient by doctors and nurses themselves. The medical profession was not ready to consider this possibility and many physicians vigorously condemn Holmes's suggestion. Semmelweis apparently un
TO BE CONTINUED |